Mechanism for regulating collapsible elements

ABSTRACT

The invention concerns a mechanism comprising two discoid parts (and  2 ) mounted on a free axle ( 3 ), said parts ( 1  and  2 ) being provided with two toothed sectors ( 4 ) constantly meshing with one another in the opposite faces thereof. Part ( 1 ) defines a pawl, which is mounted on the mobile or collapsible element while part ( 2 ) forms a crown which is integral with the structure or fixed element in which the mechanism is applied. The pawl ( 1 ) in mounted on the axle ( 3 ) in such a way that it can move axially to enable separation of the teeth ( 4 ) and tilting of the mobile element in the direction opposite to that of collapsing or reassembly of the mechanism. The teeth ( 4 ) are separated by a separating element ( 9 ) disposed between the pawl ( 1 ) and the crown ( 2 ), said pawl ( 1 ) being automatically involved in the rotation of the pawl relative to the crown or can be manually actuated to bring about separation. The pawl ( 1 ) actuates the position of the gear relative to the crown ( 2 ) by means of a spring ( 8 ) that is supported on an external disk ( 7 ) which in turns presses against a stop plate ( 6 ) that is drawn on the axle ( 3 ) and mounted on the pawl ( 1 ).

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The invention refers to a mechanism for regulating hingedelements, specifically planned to regulate the angle that two elements,one fixed and the other mobile, and hinged with respect to the first,form between them, being of special application in car seats armrests,without overlooking its application in other fields where the folding orangular variation of a movable item relative to another fixed wererequired, such as might be an car seat, the back of a seat, etc.

[0002] The mechanism is based on the use of two revolving parts,preferably discoidal, that are mounted on an axis and are cogged intheir opposing faces, one of them being selected as a crown fixed to thestructure or fixed item while the other forms a ratchet that is mountedon the movable or hinged element, so that the angular displacement ofthe hinged element causes the axial displacement of the part functioningas a ratchet with respect to the part that serves as a crown, allowingthe obtaining of multiple adjustment positions corresponding to manydifferent positions between the ratchet or crown, provided by the cogsin both parts.

[0003] It is the object of the invention to provide a mechanism based onthe elements previously referred to, that allows the swinging of amovable item with regard to a fixed structure or item, and to locate themovable element stably in any angular position with regard to the fixedpart, having means that the parts, from which the mechanism isconstituted, tend to continuously engage with each other, as well asmeans that allow the separation of the cogs to reset the mechanism.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

[0004] Mechanisms have been known for regulating the angle betweenhinged elements in the specific case of car armrests, the adjustment ofthe swinging movement can be carried out in many different ways,although more widely known are two types of adjusting mechanisms, one ofthem based on a “infinite” screw, and another based on cogged parts, sothat in the first case the adjusting is uncomfortable for the user,while in the second case the cogged parts require a precision that raisethe cost of the product, , all independently of the fact that in bothcases all the parts are metallic, what implies an increased weight ofthe mechanism assembly and, of course, a notable cost also.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The mechanism commended is designed to solve the previouslypresented difficulties, being based on the association of a series ofsimple parts, most of plastic, although the use of other materials isnot discarded, with a simple operation without which the efficiency ofthe mechanism is diminished.

[0006] More specifically, the invention mechanism includes two discoidalparts or bodies mounted on an axis, and both cogged in their opposingfaces, so that one of the parts functions as crown and is welded to thegeneral structure of the fixed object or item of application, which inthe case of an car armrest it will be welded to the structure of thatarmrest, while the other discoidal part functions as a ratchet and iscapable of moving axially on the axle, between the mentioned crown and alimit formed by a plate holed through by this axle, so that the movementof the discoidal piece that functions as a ratchet is limited by thisplate pierced by the axle and the crown, being supplemented with anexternal disk as ratchet axial support surface and as a base on whichpresses a spring that stretches to push this disk, and therefore theratchet, against the crown, keeping both parts permanently engaged.

[0007] This basic system allows the obtaining of multiple adjustmentpositions, corresponding to the different positions possible between theratchet and the crown, provided by the cogs of both parts, all so thatthe configuration of the cogs of this crown and the ratchet allows therotation of the latter with respect to the crown in a single sense, whatallows it to pass from one adjustment position to another in which theangular separation between the hinged elements is greater, but movementin a contrary sense is blocked. That is, by means of the mechanismreferred to it is possible to pass directly from a less folded positionto a more folded position, but it is impossible to pass from a morefolded position to a less folded position.

[0008] To solve this problem it is intended to mount a separator betweenthe ratchet and the crown that permits the axial displacement of theratchet with respect to the crown so that disengagement takes placebetween the teeth of both parts, in order to allow the ratchet to beable to rotate in an unfolding sense.

[0009] Operating one way, the crown ratchet cogs impinges on a sectionof the each other, while the separator consists of an element placed ina side section and between both, ratchet and crown, constantly pushedagainst these, so that a given rotation position of the ratchet withrespect to the crown implies that the separator pressed by those partsslips completely between both and separates the ratchet from the crown,which allows the contrary rotation of the rachet with respect to thecrown and therefore the resetting of the mechanism.

[0010] In an alternative operation the separator consists of a discoidalpart with arms that are housed in openings cut out for this purpose inthe crown, so that a manual worked external part, in the shape of awedge, that, on being suitably operated, acts on the disk separator,moving it axially so that the its arms cause the axial movement of theratchet with respect to the crown and therefore the disengagement of itsteeth to be able to reset the mechanism.

[0011] In this second case or variant of execution the whole perimeterof the crown ratchet is cogged, allowing greater stresses to besupported since these are distributed among a greater number of teeth.

[0012] In another variant or alternative operation, the adjustment iscarried out automatically, without the necessity of action by externalpart, and the teeth are placed over the whole perimeter of the crownratchet, thus achieving that the mechanism can support greater stressesand at the same time that the disengagement between crown and ratchetmay be carried out automatically without manually actuating any part.

[0013] For that, in this alternative operation, in its face opposing thecrown the ratchet has slots functioning as a slip guide forcorresponding studs provided in the part that functions as a separator,consisting in this case of a ring with side arms and in those arms thestuds that fit into the forementioned ratchet slots, with thedistinction that the ring acting as separator is placed between thecrown and the ring and its side arms located in housings intended forthis effect in the corresponding crown, those housings having one oftheir walls shaped as a ramp to allow the sliding of the separator orring, previously referred to, with respect to the crown, and thus to beable to bring about the pressure on the ratchet with respect to thecrown to achieve the disengagement between both.

[0014] In its case, the ratchet always has, in its other face from thecogs, a slot in which a plate, preferably shaped as a crossbeam, ispositioned, that limits the axial movement of this ratchet with respectto the crown, in each case counting as well with the external supportdisk that working with the pressure spring tends to keep the crown andratchet together and ensure the stability of the adjustment positionsbetween the tilting part with which the ratchet is associated and thefixed part to which the crown is attached.

[0015] Based on the characteristics previously referred to, a series ofadvantages and benefits are obtained among which the following can bementioned:

[0016] The mechanism is notably more economic that the conventionalones, since certain elements or parts (ratchet, crowns and separator)can be plastic, so that they are naturally cheaper than metallic parts.

[0017] The mechanism assembly is much lighter when having plasticinstead of metallic parts.

[0018] The mechanism is capable of adapting to different lines of style.

[0019] The mechanism is equally adaptable to specifications ofadjustment requirements for different positions for different clients,without any investment cost.

[0020] The mechanism is resistant to the stress demands caused by itsoperation.

[0021] The mechanism is of simple structure and easily mounted, since itis only necessary to arrange on the axle the parts that form the crown,the ratchet and to pierce the limiting plate and finally to mount thesupport disk for the ratchet and its pressure spring.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] To supplement the description that is being carried out and withpurpose of helping to a better understanding of the characteristics ofthe invention, in accordance with a preferred example of its practicalexecution, it is accompanied by a set of drawings, forming an integralpart of this description, in which the following, illustratively and nonrestrictively, has been shown:

[0023]FIG. 1.—Shows a perspective representation of the mechanism of theinvention with a blow-up of the support disk and spring ends, allowingthe limit plate situated between the part that acts as ratchet and thepart that acts as crown to be seen.

[0024]FIG. 2.—Shows a general perspective of the mechanism with all theparts properly mounted and with the part acting as ratchet slightlyseparated with respect to the part acting as crown, although theseparator is not interposed between both parts.

[0025]FIG. 3.—Shows a perspective view like the previous figure,maintaining the separation between the constituent parts of the ratchetand of the crown, with the separator now interposed between them.

[0026]FIG. 4.—Shows another perspective view of the same mechanism in aposition in which the ratchet is carrying out the expulsion of theseparator, to permit the ratchet to again reach the position of engagingwith the crown.

[0027]FIG. 5.—Shows a section view of the mechanism depicted in theprevious figures, where the ratchet is engaging with the crown.

[0028]FIG. 6.—Shows another section view like the previous figure butwith the ratchet separated from the crown, that is to say mutuallydisengaged to allow the resetting of the mechanism.

[0029]FIG. 7.—Shows a perspective view of the mechanism in analternative operation in which the separator is activated manually fromthe outside.

[0030]FIG. 8.—Shows a blow-up of the crown, ratchet, separator andmanual operation element, corresponding to the alternative operation ofthe mechanism depicted in the previous figure.

[0031]FIG. 9.—Shows a blow-up of the crown, ratchet and separator inanother alternative of operation of the mechanism.

[0032]FIG. 10.—Shows an upper view of the assembly that the three partsdepicted in the previous figure make up when positioned.

[0033]FIG. 10A.—Shows a lower perspective view of the constituent partof the ratchet with the separator mounted on it.

[0034]FIG. 10B.—Shows an upper perspective view of the constituent partof the crown with the separator mounted on it.

[0035] These FIGS. 10, 10A and 10B relate to an initial position of themechanism operation.

[0036]FIGS. 11, 11A y 11B.—Show some other views like those of FIGS. 10,10A and 10B, in a final adjustment position of the mechanism.

[0037]FIGS. 12, 12A y 12B.—Show some other views of the same mechanismdepicted in the figures of the previous paragraph, in an initial phaseof operation in which the separator is acting to disengage the ratchetand the crown.

[0038]FIGS. 13, 13A and 13B relate equally to some other views similarto those of the assemblies depicted in the previous figures, in a phaseof operation of the separator that corresponds to that of completedisengagement of the ratchet and the crown.

[0039]FIGS. 14, 14A and 14B relate to some other views like those of theprevious sets in an initial phase of resetting of the mechanism.

[0040]FIGS. 15, 15A y 15B.—Show, finally, some other views like those ofthe previous sets corresponding to the final resetting of the mechanism,or, what is the same, to the coupling or engaging of the ratchet andcrown.

PREFERABLE EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0041] As may be seen in FIGS. 1 to 6, the mechanism of the invention isconstructed based on two discoidal parts (1) and (2) positioned on acommon axle (3), so that the discoidal part (1) will form a ratchet andthe discoidal part (2) will form a crown, this latter being welded tothe general structure of the fixed item where the mechanism is to beapplied such as might be the armrests of a car, while the axle (3) isunattached and the discoidal part (1) or ratchet is mounted on thehinged part, as well as having the ability of being able to moveaxially, after its rotation, with respect to this axle (3) and thereforewith respect to the crown (2). The two discoidal parts (1) and (2) areeach equipped in their opposing faces with cogged sections (4), bothremaining facing each other, with the characteristic that the ratchet(1) has in a section of its perimeter a depression (5) whose functionwill be set out later.

[0042] As well as the ratchet (1) and the crown (2), the axle (3),passes through a disk (6) acting as a limit plate for the axial movementof the ratchet (1), and likewise above that plate or disk (6) anotherexternal disk (7) is mounted in which the ratchet (1) is supported,forming in turn a support for an axial spring (8) also arranged on theaxle (3) and that presses the support disk (7) against the ratchet (1)tending to make this continuously engage with the crown (2). In apreferable operation the disk or plate (6) has the configuration of across that is housed in a complementary slot set up for this purpose inthe upper face of the ratchet (1), as is depicted clearly in FIG. 1.

[0043] With this mechanism the operation is as follows:

[0044] To get a stable adjustment position, it is necessary only todisplace the movable item (for example, the armrest of a car) untilobtaining the required angular position, so that this movement causesthe rotation of the ratchet (1) with respect to the crown (2),activating the teeth of both parts acting as a kind of ratchet brace,the selected position of adjustment being retained by the teeth of bothparts.

[0045] If a position of greater folding is required, starting from theposition last obtained, it is necessary only to displace the movable orhinged part again in the same sense, such that the teeth (4) of theratchet (1) move again with respect to the teeth (4) of the crown (2)until reaching the new position.

[0046] If from that position a less folded position is required, it isnot possible to displace the movable part in the unfolding sense, sincethe teeth of the ratchet collide with the teeth of the crown preventingthe unfolding.

[0047] For this, a separator element has been planned able to move theratchet axially (1) and to separate it with respect to the crown (2)producing the uncoupling or disengagement between both parts andallowing the resetting of the mechanism. For this the movable or hingeditem is moved to a position of maximum folding, in which the separator(9), continuously pushed by a spring (10) or another element against thecrown (2) and the ratchet (1), is inserted between both and brings abouttheir separation, which uncoupling allows the unfolding, or what is thesame, the resetting of the mechanism. Next, the movable or hinged itemcan again be moved, in a folding sense, to the position of adjustmentrequired.

[0048] That is, to pass from a less folded position to one more folded,it is simply necessary to continue hinged the movable or hinged itemuntil reaching the new position, while to obtain a less folded positionit is necessary to reset the mechanism, for which the separator (9)referred to is used.

[0049] In the manner of operation depicted in FIGS. 1 to 6, thisseparator (9) is activated automatically by being constantly pushed bythe spring or another similar element (10) against the mechanism, theratchet incorporating a depression (5) that allows the introduction ofthe separator (9) when the ratchet is in the fully folded position.

[0050] Finally, regarding this way of operation depicted in FIGS. 1 to6, it should be said that above the crown (2) a side protuberance hasbeen planned (11) serving as a limit, while on the ratchet (1) an archedprotrusion has been planned (12) like a nose that in the rotation ofthis ratchet (1) pushes the separator outwards (9), as depicted in FIG.4, a push that causes the outwards displacement of this separator (9)and therefore that the ratchet (1) and crown (2) re-engage again.

[0051] In a variant of operation depicted in FIGS. 7 and 8, the ratchet(1′) and the crown (2′), are cogged (4′) around the whole perimeter,being similarly mounted on the corresponding axle (3), so that in thiscase a new separator (9′) is included formed from a type of a ring withsome projections (14) that are housed in windows (13) set up for thispurpose in the crown (2′), so that by using a control (15) a type ofwedge operable from the outside can act on this separator (9′),producing its axial displacement that in turn pushes on the ratchet,also in an axial sense, and causes its separation from the crown (2′)and therefore its disengagement or uncoupling and allows the resettingas previously described.

[0052] In another variant of operation shown in FIGS. 9 to 15 theratchet (1″) and the crown (2″) have corresponding cogs on all of theirperimeters (4), while the separator (9″) is formed by a ring with a pairof arms or external side fins (16) in diametrical opposition, each oneof which has a projection (17).

[0053] For its part, the crown (2″) in its cogged face (4) andconcentrically with it has a pair of housings (18) complementary to thearms (16), with the purpose that these latter lodge in these housings(18), which have one of their walls (19) ramped that ends, after a smallsharp rise (20), in a flat section (21) with a step (22) from whichanother flat section is set out (21″) at a higher or more projectinglevel with respect to the plane (21) previously referred to.

[0054] In its case, the ratchet (1″) has in its lower face andconcentrically with the cogs (4) some grooves or slots (23) placedcircumferentially, in which the projections (17) of the arms (16) of theseparator (9″) are positioned, so that the rotation of this ratchet (1″)can be carried out without dragging the separator (9″), until when theprojections (17) are limited against one of the ends of the grooves orslots (23) in which moment the separator is dragged (9″) whoseprojections (17) slide along the ramped walls (19) of the crown (2″)housings (18) until reaching the level (21) of the crown (2″).

[0055] In accordance with these characteristics, the working of themechanism corresponding to the operation shown in FIGS. 9 to 15 is asfollows:

[0056] In the initial position of the mechanism depicted in FIGS. 10,10A and 10B, the separator (9″) is positioned in the crown (2″), withits fins (16) in the housings (18) of this crown, meanwhile theprojections (17) of this separator (9″) are housed in the grooves orslots (23) of the ratchet (1″), this position corresponding to theengaging of the ratchet (1″) and crown (2″), all as consequence of theforce of the spring that keeps them pushed together by means of thecross-shaped disk (6) and the support disk (7) that although not shownin FIGS. 9 to 15 they are included as in the operations depicted inFIGS. 1 to 8.

[0057] From this initial position, to achieve an adjustment, as depictedin FIGS. 11, 11a and 11 b the movable or hinged item is acted on in thesense of its folding, causing the rotation of the ratchet (1″) thatmoves over the crown (2″), jumping tooth to tooth and thus passingthrough multiple positions of stable adjustment, so that when theshifting of the movable or hinged item finishes, it will remain in afixed and stable position of adjustment, with respect to the fixed itemor structure.

[0058] During the movement of the ratchet (1″) in this adjustment phase,the separator (9″) remains immobile, as well as the crown (2″), sincethe ratchet rotates but, the slots (23) being of greater angular lengththan the projections (17) of the separator (9″), the slots (23) moveover the projections (17) without these being affected by such movement.

[0059] To be able to pass from a more folded position to a less foldedposition, the operation is as follows:

[0060] At first, the movable or hinged item should be brought to theposition of maximum adjustment or maximum folding that is depicted inFIGS. 11, 11A and 11B, that is the final adjustment position, then thatfrom this position the movable item continues to be acted on so that theratchet (1″) continues rotating dragging the separator (9″) as aconsequence of which its projections (17) reach a limit against the endsof the grooves or slots (23) of the ratchet (1″), a dragging that causesthe arms (16) as has been said previously, to slide along the rampedwalls (19) of the crown (2″), the angular displacement of the separator(9″) taking place and its elevation over the flat section (21) of thecrown (2″), bringing about the axial push of the ratchet (1″), causingthis to be separated from the crown (2″) and producing the uncoupling ordisengagement of the teeth (4) of both parts, this uncoupling phasecorresponding to that which is shown in FIGS. 12, 12A and 12B.

[0061] Once the separator (9″) has reached the forementioned flatsection (21) of the crown (2″), if the movable or hinged item continuesto be acted on, this separator (9″) can continue rotating until it makesit limits against the step (22) of the crown (2″), this situationcorresponding to an area of free adjustment whose purpose is that theworking position of the separator (9″) doesn't correspond with a singlepoint or position of the movable or hinged item that coincides with themost extreme position of that movable item, but once having reached thepoint of activation of the separator (9″) it is possible to fold alittle more the movable hinged item so that the operability might bemore convenient for the user.

[0062] Starting from the position corresponding to that of freeadjustment depicted in FIGS. 13, 13A and 13B, and having reached theupper limit of free adjustment depicted in FIGS. 14, 14A and 14B, thenthe resetting phase of the mechanism is executed, from precisely thisposition depicted in the last figures referred to, so that from thisposition the movable item is unfolded, that is the movement in acontrary sense, until reaching the initial position, an unfolding thatwill initially cause the rotation, in contrary sense, of the ratchet(1″) without producing any effect until the edges of its grooves orslots (23) contact with the arms (16) of the separator (9″) and begin topush and drag this part, which is shown in FIGS. 15, 15A and 15B.

[0063] During this phase the arms (16) of the separator (9″) slide overthe step (22) of the crown (2″) until reaching the housings (18) of thiscrown, when this separator (9″) as well as rotating, dragged by theratchet (1″), starts its axial descending movement until becoming fullypositioned by its arms (16) in the housings (18) of the crown (2″). Atthis time, the ratchet (1″) by the force of the spring not shown inthese drawings, again engages the crown (2″) by which the resetting ofthe mechanism will have been achieved.

[0064] As regards the small elevation (20) planned in the upper part ofthe ramped wall (19) corresponding to the housings (18) of the crown(2″), this acts during the resetting phase of the mechanism and itspurpose is to counteract the effect of the friction that could existbetween the ratchet (1″) and the separator (9″), a friction that couldcause the ratchet (1″) to drag the separator (9″) during the initialresetting phase, in which the ratchet rotates but doesn't drag thisseparator (9″). This movement due to friction of the separator (9″)could cause an imbalance between the position that it should occupy andthe one that it really occupies, being able to reach the ramped wall(19) of the crown (2″) well before reaching the initial position of themechanism, causing the engaging of the ratchet (1″) and the crown (2″)before time. That is that the purpose of the small elevation (20) is toretain the separator (9″) when this moves due to the effect of frictionalone, preventing it from descending along the ramped wall (19), so thatthis separator (9″) will continue to wait for the rotation of theratchet (1″) is reached and that it is this push that obliges it tosurmount the forementioned small elevation (20), thus achieving areadjustment of the relative positions of both parts.

1. Mechanism for adjustment of hinged elements that planned to beapplicable in the angular adjustment of a movable or hinged item withrespect to a fixed structure or item, such as could be the armrests of acar, distinctive because it is essentially formed by two parts (1-1′-1″)and (2-2′-2″) preferably discoidal and mounted on a common axle (3), theparts (1-1′-1″) and (2-2′-2″) each being equipped with opposing cogs (4)that tend to engage permanently with each other; being intended that thediscoidal part (2-2′-2″) acts as a crown and is welded to the structureor fixed item in which it is applied, while the discoidal part (1-1′-1″)acts as a ratchet and is positioned on the axle (3) with ability to moveaxially, between limits set by a limit plate(6) positioned on the axle(3) and an external limit disk (7) that in turn forms a support for aspring (8) that tends to continuously push the discoidal part acting asa ratchet (1-1′-1″) against the discoidal part acting as a crown(2-2′-2″); furthermore with the distinction that between the ratchet andcrown a controlling part (9-9′-9″) of a separator that allows thedisengaging of the cogs (4) of the ratchet and crown to permit thetilting of the hinged part in the opposite sense to folding. 2.Mechanism of adjustment of hinged elements, according to claim 1,characterised in that the discoidal part acting as a ratchet (1) has acontrolling section of a reduced area (5) in which the part acting asseparator is capable of lodging (9) and to keep the teeth (4) of theratchet (1) and crown (2) separate; being planned that this separator(9) be externally guided over the crown and pushed continuously by aspring (10).
 3. Mechanism of adjustment of hinged elements, according toprevious claims, characterised in that the cogs (4) of the ratchet (1)and crown (2) are located on a sector of the perimeter of the opposingfaces of both parts.
 4. Mechanism of adjustment of hinged parts,according to claim 1, characterised in that the ratchet (1′) and crown(2′) have cogs (4) on all the perimeter of the opposing faces of theseparts, while the separator (9′) is formed from a piece styled like aring with projections (14) that lodge in windows (13) set up for thispurpose in the crown (2′), this separator (9′) being associated with anexternal control in the shape of a wedge (15) of manual operation. 5.Mechanism of adjustment of hinged parts, according to claim 1,characterised in that the ratchet (1″) and the crown (2″) have cogs (4)on all the perimeter contour of the opposing faces of these parts andare supplemented by a separator (9″) formed by a ring with a pair ofside and external arms (16) in diametrical opposition, each equippedwith axial projections (17) that move in corresponding grooves or slots(26) set up for this purpose in the ratchet (1″), while the arms (16)are positioned in complementary housings (18) set up in the crown (2″),all so that the rotation of the ratchet (1″) during the adjustment phasepermits the separator (9″) to remain immobile, establishing thedifferent positions between the ratchet (1′) and the crown (2′) thedifferent positions of folding or adjustment of the mechanism, keepingthis position until the projections(17) of the separator limit againstone of the ends of the grooves or slots (23) of the ratchet (1″), whichcauses the dragging of the separator (9′) and with it its angulardisplacement that will cause the respective push and corresponding axialmovement of the ratchet (1″) with respect to the crown (2″), theseparation therefore between both parts being produced that will allowthe resetting of the mechanism.
 6. Mechanism of adjustment of hingedelements, according to claim 5, characterised in that the housings (18)of the crown (2″) has one of its walls ramped (19) that ends in a flatsection (21) with a step (22) from which another flat section is set out(21″) at a higher level than the flat section (21), so that the rotationof the separator (9″) will cause its ascent along the ramp (19) untilreaching the flat section (21), this axial movement of the separator(9″) thus causing an axial movement of the ratchet (1″) with respect tothe crown (2″) and the disengaging of both parts.
 7. Mechanism ofadjustment of hinged elements, according to claims 5 and 6,characterised in that the end or exit of the ramped walls (19) of thehousings (18) corresponding to the crown (2″) have a small separator(9″) retention elevation (20) during the resetting of the mechanismpreventing the friction effect between ratchet (1″) and separator (9″)referred to.
 8. Mechanism of adjustment of hinged elements, according toprevious claims, characterised in that the discoidal part (1-1′-1″),that acts as a ratchet, can be mounted on the fixed item and thediscoidal part (2-2′-2″), that acts as crown, can be mounted on thehinged part.